![]() ![]() Demographic history analyses based on pair-wise nucleotide sequence mismatch distributions revealed that all the populations were in mutation-drift disequilibrium except the populations of the Kyulu and Ronge forest fragments. Significant genetic differentiation was observed in 30 of the 36 possible pair-wise comparisons between populations, while a hierarchical AMOVA revealed significant genetic subdivision between groups of populations on the three hill ranges of Dabida, Mbololo and Kyulu ( F CT = 0.404, P < 0.01), among populations on each of the hill ranges ( F SC = 0.112, P < 0.01) and among populations in the total sample ( F ST = 0.471, P < 0.001). An overall low nucleotide diversity of 0.9% was observed in the total sample but varied widely between populations (0.2≡.3%). Thirty-three unique haplotypes were observed in a total sample of 132 individuals, whereas the number of different haplotypes per population ranged from two to 10. The population genetic structure of the forest-dependent rodent, Praomys taitae, sampled from nine indigenous forest fragments distributed over three ranges of the Taita Hills in Kenya, was determined using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence variation. VInstitute of Molecular Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark IVInstitute of Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark ![]() IIBotany Department, Makerere University, P.O. IInstitute of Environment and Natural Resources, Makerere University, P.O. Siegismund IV Peter Arctander V Vincent Muwanika I Silvester Nyakaana I, II, * Christopher Tumusiime I Nicholas Oguge III Hans R. All rights reserved.Mitochondrial DNA diversity and population structure of a forest-dependent rodent, Praomys taitae (Rodentia: Muridae) Heller 1911, in the fragmented forest patches of Taita Hills, Kenya Mitochondrial DNA Mitochondrial pseudogenes Mouse mitochondrial genome NumtS Real time PCR.Ĭopyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. The unique primers described here will allow accurate quantification of MtDNA content in mouse models without co-amplification of NumtS. The presence of NumtS in the nuclear genome of mouse could lead to erroneous data when studying MtDNA content or mutation. MtDNA levels differed significantly in mouse tissues being the highest in the heart, with levels in descending order (highest to lowest) in kidney, liver, blood, brain, islets and lung. A unique region was identified and primers flanking this region were used. MtDNA copy numbers were determined in a range of mouse tissues as the ratio of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome using real time qPCR and absolute quantification.Īpproximately 95% of mouse MtDNA was duplicated in the nuclear genome as NumtS which were located in 15 out of 21 chromosomes. The existence of NumtS in the mouse genome was confirmed using blast N, unique MtDNA regions were identified using FASTA, and MtDNA primers which do not co-amplify NumtS were designed and tested. In the current paper our aim was to determine whether mouse NumtS affect the quantification of MtDNA and to establish a method designed to avoid this. We previously reported that in humans, fragments in the nuclear genome known as nuclear mitochondrial insertion sequences (NumtS) affect accurate quantification of MtDNA. Changes in MtDNA levels are increasingly used as a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria contain an extra-nuclear genome in the form of mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA), damage to which can lead to inflammation and bioenergetic deficit. ![]()
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